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| Click here to compare with the children's data for the same geographic area.. | |
| Ethnic and racial composition | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Population | Non Hispanic White | Non Hispanic Black | Hispanic | Asian | ||
| 1980 | 2,233,191 | 1,658,844 | 530,166 | 24,723 | 12,029 | |
| 74.3% | 23.7% | 1.1% | 0.5% | |||
| 1990 | 2,959,950 | 2,101,441 | 742,678 | 58,215 | 51,829 | |
| 71% | 25.1% | 2% | 1.8% | |||
| 2000 | 4,112,198 | 2,460,740 | 1,202,260 | 268,851 | 149,252 | |
| 59.8% | 29.2% | 6.5% | 3.6% | |||
| 2000 (Adjusted Count) | 4,177,768 | 2,478,726 | 1,237,342 | 279,405 | 150,727 | |
| 59.3% | 29.6% | 6.7% | 3.6% | |||
| The adjusted count is based on additional analyses completed by the Census Bureau after the initial release of PL 194 data in March 2001. The Bureau's position is that the adjusted counts may be less reliable than the original release, but some observers argue that the adjustments are needed to compensate for undercounting of groups that are harder to enumerate, such as Hispanics and young adult males. | ||||||
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| Index of Dissimilarity(D) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The dissimilarity index measures whether one particular group is distributed across census tracts in the metropolitan area in the same way as another group. A high value indicates that the two groups tend to live in different tracts. D ranges from 0 to 100. A value of 60 (or above) is considered very high. It means that 60% (or more) of the members of one group would need to move to a different tract in order for the two groups to be equally distributed. Values of 40 or 50 are usually considered a moderate level of segregation, and values of 30 or below are considered to be fairly low. | ||||||
| White with Black: |
75.1
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68.6
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65.6
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| White with Hispanic: |
31.3
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|
36
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52.5
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| White with Asian: |
38.1
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42.6
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45.2
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| Black with White: |
75.1
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|
68.6
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|
65.6
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| Black with Hispanic: |
61.8
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|
61.7
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|
57.9
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| Black with Asian: |
78.2
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67.2
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|
62.8
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| Hispanic with White: |
31.3
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|
36
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52.5
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| Hispanic with Black: |
61.8
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|
61.7
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57.9
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| Hispanic with Asian: |
31.4
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30.3
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|
40.9
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| Asian with White: |
38.1
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42.6
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45.2
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| Asian with Black: |
78.2
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67.2
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62.8
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| Asian with Hispanic: |
31.4
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30.3
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|
40.9
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| Exposure Index | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Another measure of residential segregation is a class of exposure indices (p*) that refer to the racial/ethnic composition of the tract where the average member of a given group lives. For example, the average Hispanic in some metropolis might live in a tract that is 40% Hispanic, 40% non-Hispanic white, 15% black, and 5% Asian.(Note that these various indices must add up to 100%.) These are presented below in two categories: exposure of the group to itself (which is called the Index of Isolation) and exposure of the group to other groups). | ||||||
| Isolation Indices | ||||||
| The isolation index is the percentage of same-group population in the census tract where the average member of a racial/ethnic group lives. It has a lower bound of zero (for a very small group that is quite dispersed) to 100 (meaning that group members are entirely isolated from other groups). It should be kept in mind that this Index is affected by the size of the group -- it is almost inevitably smaller for smaller groups, and it is likely to rise over time if the group becomes larger. | ||||||
| White with White: |
88.9%
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84.9%
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76.4%
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| Black with Black: |
70.2%
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65.2%
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62.6%
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| Hispanic with Hispanic: |
1.9%
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5.3%
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|
19.5%
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| Asian with Asian: |
1.4%
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4.6%
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|
8.4%
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| Exposure to other groups | ||||||
| Indices of exposure to other groups also range from 0 to 100, where a larger value means that the average group member lives in a tract with a higher percentage of persons from the other group. These indices depend on two conditions: the overall size of the other group and each group's settlement pattern. | ||||||
| White with Black: |
9%
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11.2%
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13.9%
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| White with Hispanic: |
1.1%
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1.9%
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5.3%
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| White with Asian: |
0.6%
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1.8%
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3.6%
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| Black with White: |
28.3%
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|
31.7%
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|
28.4%
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| Black with Hispanic: |
1%
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1.7%
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|
5.7%
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| Black with Asian: |
0.2%
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|
1.3%
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|
2.6%
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| Hispanic with White: |
75.1%
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|
70%
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|
48.5%
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| Hispanic with Black: |
21.6%
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|
21.1%
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|
25.3%
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| Hispanic with Asian: |
0.9%
| |||||
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3.4%
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|
5.8%
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| Asian with White: |
85.5%
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|
72.9%
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|
59%
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| Asian with Black: |
10.7%
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18.5%
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21.2%
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| Asian with Hispanic: |
1.9%
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3.9%
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|
10.4%
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